Look Again 【再看一眼】txt在线(《Look Again 万维钢》mobi微盘)

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本文节选自《Look Again 万维钢》电子版：

someofthemimperceptible,eachofthemPreparingyoutonotbeshockedbythenext.StepCisnotsomuchworsethanStepB,and,让youdidnotmakeastandatStepB,whyshouldyouatStepC?AndsoontoStepD.?12StepDwasthemurderingofmillionsbytheNaziregime.ButthegenocidedidnotstartwithStepD.ItbeganwithStepA一restrictionsonthelegal，ceconomic，andsocialrightsofGermanJews，whichgraduallyandsteadilyaccumulatedthroughoutthe1930s.OnApril1,1933,Jewish-ownedbusinessesWereboycotted.Soonthereafter，JewishlawyersweredisbarredandJewswereProhibitedfrombeingjournalists.Afewmonthslater，alawwasPassedauthorizingphysicianstoconductinvoluntarySterilizationsonJews.Numerousotherrestrictionswereputinplace,andviolentactsoccurreduntil1939,whenHitlerauthorizedinvoluntaryeuthanasiaofmentallyandphysicallydisabledPeople,whicheventuallyledtosystematicmassexecUtions.Wehaveseenthathabituationhappenswhenaneventisconstant,frequent，orchangingonlyverygradually.Evenajargeexplosionmightbeoverlooked计站isprecededbyaslightlysmallerone,，whichisprecededbyanevenSmallerone.But计Peopleencounteran“explosion”withoutbeingexposedtothePrecedingsteps，theywillnothavetheopportunitytohabituateandmaythereforebemorelikelytoreact，Thisisoftentheexperienceofoutsiders，whobecomeawareofahorrificSituationbeyondtheirimmediateenvironmentonlyatStep

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D,，withoutbeingdirectlyexposedtoStepsA,B,andC.[Thosewholookonwithhorrorfromtheoutside(suchascitizensobservinghorrorsabroad)maythusbelessvulnerabletohabituation,astheywerenotexposedtoallthestepsalongthewayandmaychoosetobeupstanders一helping由osewhoneedhelp,andworkingtocombat由osewhocauseharm一ratherthanbystanders.HafnerarguesthatSomepeopleontheinsidecanseewhatishappeningearlyperhapsfromacombinationofdispositionandexperience,perhapsfromPrescienceorrecalcitrance.9omeJewswereinthiscategoryandleftGermanybeforeitwastoolate.Haffnerputshimselfinthiscampaswell:"AsfortheNazis,mynoseleftmewithnodoubts.Itwasjusttiresometotalkaboutwhichoftheirallegedgoalsandintentionswerestilacceptableorevenhistoricallyjustiftedwhenallofitstank.HowitStanklIhattheNaziswereenemies，myenemiesandtheenemiesofallIhelddear，wascrystalcleartomefromtheoutset.213Butoftenthiscampisnotlargeenough.Habituation,confusion,distractiom，self-interest，fear，rationajization，andaSenseofpersonalpowerlessnessmaketerriblethingspossible.TheyhelpexplainnotonjytheriseofNazism,butalsothedisintegrationofdemocracyandthelossoffreedom,inmanyPlaces.HABITUATINGTHEJOHNSONS?Howcommonishabituationtohorror”YoumightthinkthatwecannotdrawgenerallessonsfromwhathappenedinGermanyinthe1930s.IfyoutaketheaverageJaneandthe

Look Again 【再看一眼】txt下载

standardJoeandincreaseappallingactseverSograduallywhatPercentagewouldgoalongwiththoseacts?WhatfractionwouldParticipate,andhowmanywouldfghtback?Toanswerthesequestions,considerthefollowingscenatrio(theaccountmaysound和包miliartoyou,butweareabouttoofferanewtwistonanoldtale):蕉OnawarmAugustdayyouentertheoldbrown-brickbuildingofthepsychologydepartmentatYaleUniversitytotakepartinanexperiment.蕊Thereseafcher,whorecruitedyouearlythatweek,informedyouthatthestudy'saimwastoexaminetheeffectsofpunishmentonmemory.Uponartivalyouaregreetedbysaidresearcher，wholeadsyouintoaroomwithoneothervolunteer.Theresearcherexplainsthatyouwillcompletetheexperimentintandemwiththatvolunteer,whowillsitinanadjacentroom.Youwilltakeontheroleofateacherandyourpattnerwillbeastudent.Thestudentwillbegivenalistofwordpairstomemaorize.Whenthestudentmakesamistake,youaretoapressabuttononafancy-lookingmachinethatwilldeliverashocktothestudent,Strappedtoanelectricchair.Theshockgeneratorclearlydelineatesthirtyvoltagelevels,rangingfrom15to450volts.Nexttoeachlevelisadescription,rangingfromSLIGHTSHOCK(neartheljowestvoltage)toDANGER:SEVERESHOCK(nearthehighestvoltage).Althoughtheshockscanbeextremelypainful,theycausenopermanenttissuedamage,”theresearcherassuresyouboth,andasksyoutotryitonyourarmat

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