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本文节选自《Look Again 万维钢》电子版：

equallydividedbetweenpartners.Yetwomenaroundtheworldcontinuetodothejaundrywtheshopping,thechildcare，thecleaning，thecooking，theformflling,thehomeworkhelping.Theydothatevenincaseswhentheirjobsaremoredemandingthanthoseoftheirmajlepartners.EvenwhenthewivesarethesolebreadwinnerinthefamilytheystillspendtheSameamountoftimeonhouseholdchoresastheirunemployedhusbands.Thosewomendonotonlyearnthebread,theyalsosliceitupandmakethechildren'sljunchsandwichestoo.2Incontrast,inthe1950sintheUnitedStates(andothercountries)whilewomenalsodidthemajorityofhouseholdchores,manydidnothavethehighestaspirationsOfthegreatestexpectations，atleastforthosethingsthatwereUnavailabletothem.TIheyhabituatedtoexistingsocialnorms,Bycontrast，womeninmodernWesternSocietiesexpectequajlity.Yebdailythatexpectationisnotfulflled.Thisgapbetweenwhatyouexpect(equalpayequalopPortunityrespect)andwhatyouget(lesspaylimitedopportunitydisrespect)createsUnhappiness.Neuroscientistscallthisgapbetweenexpectationsandoutcomesa72CgA1ZDC思edzctzo11ce1101.AsweWwW计Soonsee，while由esepredictionerrorsinduceUnhappinessintheshortterm,theyarecriticalforProgresS.SURPRISEIYoumaynotbeawareofit,butatthisverymomentyourbrainistryingtoPredictwhatwillcomenext.Whatw计bethenextwordinthis.…

Look Again 万维钢txt

(yes)Sentenceihoww记thepageofthisbookfeelagainstyourhandwhenyouturnthepageihowwillthecoffeetasteasyoumovethehotmugtowardyourlips.Ifyoumakegoodpredictions,youwillnotbesurprisedbythetemperatureoftheliquidorthenextwordyouread.Youalsomakelonger-termPredictions.“Iw记gettheassistantmanagerjobatthebank,”“Georginaisgoingtoleaveme“Itisgoingtobefreezingupontheskislope.”ThereasonalmosteveryneuroninyourbrainisengagedinSomeSoOttofpredictionisobvious一bypredictingwhatw训comenextyouw刘bebetterprepared.Ifyouarewellprepared,youw计avoidfreezingontheslopeorlosingyourhousetoGeorgina.Butsometimesyouarewrong.SurpriselYoudidn'tgetthejobat中ebank.Surprise!GeorginaStayswithyouforever.Thesemistakes(orPredictionerrors)areimportant一theyare“teachingsignals”fromwhichyoucanlearnabouttheworldaroundyouandcorrectyoUTIexpectations.Someofthemistakesarewonderful(Georginastayed!”)andSomearenotSowonderful(Didn'tgetthejob!).Yourbrainmusthaveaclearsignalthatindicateswhetherthesurpriseisgoodorbad.TIhisisbecause让thesurpriseisgood,youshouldcontinuedoingwhatyouweredoing(benicetoGeorginaandtellheryouloveher)，but让thesurpriseisbad，youneedtochangeSomething(edityourCV,getmoreexperience).9o,whileSomeneuronsinyoUTbrainSimplysignal“Surprise,”otherscodefortwotype

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sofsurprises一goodandbad.Perhapsthemost"famous”arethedopaminergicneurons.Dopaminergicneuronssynthesizetheneurotransmitterdopamine，人neurotransmitterisachemicalthatisreleasedbyoneneurontoanotherneuronas3Wayofcommunicatingamessage.DopaminergicneuronsarecoOnstantlyfiring.Evenwhennothingmuchisgoingon，theyarefiring.ButwhensomethingisSurprisinginagoodway(Shelovesme)，theyfireevenmore，signalingtotherestofthebrainthatwhatjusthappenedisbetterthanexpected.Whensomethingissurprisinginabadway(Nojoboffer),theyquietdown.Thisunusualquietnessdeliversamessagetotherestofthebrain:Whatjusthappenedisworsethanweexpected.Thefirstsignaliscalledaoxztzoe7edzctzz0722110O1andthesecondajegaAtzOe思eadtctzo12ec1701PredictionefrorsarecloselyasSociatedwithyourmood.Whenpositivepredictionerrorsaretriggered,youfeelgreabandwhennegativePredictionerrorsaretriggered,youfeelbad.7Broadlyspeaking，womeninthe1950smayhavehadfewernegativePredictionerrorsthanwomeninthe1980sbecausewomeninthe1950shadlowexpectationsandwerelessjikelytobenegativelysurprised.IhesamelogicfollowsforarangeofScenarios，Whenpeopleadapttheirexpectationsdownward,terribleconditions(Suchascorruption,poorhealth,orbeingtiedtoastick)donotaffecttheirhappinessasmuchastheywouldotherwise.3Low

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