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Whatsmore,theUCLAcampusislocatedsmackinthemiddleofanespeciallyhigh-smogarea.Thenewstudentshadallmovedtocampusthreeweeksbefore.Somehadrelocatedfromotherneighborhoodswithinthecitywhileothershadcomefromdifterentcities,，includingHonoluluandPortland，thathavelowlevelsofairpollution.SuzanneandDarylweretwoofthefreshmenwhovolunteeredforthestudy.DarylgrewupindowntownLosAngelesandSuzanneinCheyenne,，Wyoming，whichisamongthecleanestcitiesintheUnitedStatesforairpollution.Whentheyartivedatthejab,theywereshownphotosofoutdoorScenes,suchasacityskylineoravalleywithafooth记il.Halfthephotoshadsomesmogandhalfdidnottheamountofsmog，whenpresent,variedfromalottoajittle.ForeachPhoto,SuzanneandDarylhadtojudgewhethersmogwaspresent.SuzanneWasmuchmorejikelytoreportthepresenceofsmoginthephotosthanDaryl.Darylreportedsmoginphotosonlywhenthelevelswerequitehigh.IhelevelsofsmogSuzanneandDarylperceivedwereafunctionofwhattheyhadhabituatedto,ItwasnotjustSuzanneandDarylithosearrivingatUCLAfromcleanareasweremorejikelytonoticeairpollution.TIhismeansthatyouperceiveyoUTSuUrroundingsnotaccordingtosomeobjectivecriterionofthenumberofParticujlatesintheair,butaccordingtoaSubjectivecriterionthatiscontingentonwhatisfamiliartoyou.ThesecriteriaaredifterentdependingonwhetheryouliveinLondonorMoscow,inCopenhagenorBeijing,i

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nNewYorkCityoraMassachusettssuburb,inLosAngelesorHonolulu,orinBerlinorRome.Imaginethatyouwereborninacityfullofsmogandhadneverlefttown.Youwouldconsidersmognormal.Youwouldlikelydetectpollutiononlywhentheairhadmoresmogthanthebaselinetowhichyouhadbecomehabituated.But计youlivedinaclean-airregionmostofyourlife,youwouldbeusedtoblueskies,andasaresultevenabitofsmogwouldstandout.Itmightbestartling.Thisiswhypeopleareoftenunawarethattheyarelivinginhighlypollutedenvironments.IntheUnitedKingdom，forexample，only10Percentofthepopulationratedtheirairquajlityaspoor，eventhoughairpollutionbreacheslegallimitsin88percentofUKregions.Itfollowsthat计youhavebeenlivinginahigh-smosgareaforawhileandarenolongerabletodetectsmog,youw计notconsiderSmosgaproblem.Thisisexactlywhattheresearchersfound.Whenaskedtojlistthecommunityproblemsoncampus，newcomerstoLosAngelessuchasSuzanneweremorejikelytomentionsmogthanlong-termersSUuchasDaryl.StudentssuchasSuzannefromWyoming，EthelfromHawaii，andLarryfromOregonweremorejikelytomentionrespiratoryproblemsthanljong-termersSuchasDarylfromdowntownLosAngelesorHarrietfromNorthHollywood.DarylandHarrietbelievedtheirhealthwaslessvulnerabletosmogthanthatofthenewcomers.2AreDarylandHarrietright”Aretheyphysicallylessvulnerabletosmogbecausetheygrewupinasmog-flledcity，Therecouldbeapi

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nchoftruthintheirstatements;somestudiesShowthatyourbodycanphysicallychangetoadjusttoPollution.Physiologicallyyoumaybecomelessreactivetopotentiallyharmfulpollutants让youhavebeenexposedtothemforawhile了anButitisalsolikelythatDarylandHarrietareseeingthe蜀asshalf-full.MostPeopleviewtheirworldthroughrose-coloredglasses(oneofUswWrfoteabookaboutthis).Wetendtobelievethatweareabitsmarter由anaverage,moreinteresting,andmorefun.蕊Wethinkthatweareless]ikelytogetCOVIDHLthantheotherguylesslikelytobeinacaraccidentandmorelikelytogetapromotion.WethinkthatourhealthcareSystemisbetterthantheoneinthenearbycity.Onclimatechange,manyofusSeetheoveralldangers,，butbelieveourowntownwillbejustfine.蕊Someofthisisaformofdenial;someofitinvolvesfocusingonthesilverliningandrationalization.BecauseDatrylandHarriethavespenttheirwholelivesinapollutedcitytheyaremoremotivatedto_believetheyareespeciallyresistanttoSmog.Viewingsmogandnoiseasharmjless，andthemselvesasimmune,canhelpDarylandHarrietreduceStressandanxiety.IntheorySuzanne，whomovedtoLAfromfresh-airedWyoming，mayatfirstbeunhappyduetothepollution，butsheshouldbecomehappierasShehabituatestoit.PuzzlinglyhoweveritishardtoseeSuchatrendintheexistingdata.[Thatis,Peopledonotnecessarilybecomehappierafterlivinginapollutedareaforawhilerelativetowhentheyfirstarrived.才

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