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本文节选自《Look Again 万维钢》电子版:
Whenexamtimecamearound,thestudentsloggedontoreceivetheirgrades.Somestudentsdiscoveredtheydidwellwhileothersfoundtheirgradeswerelowerthantheyhadhoped.Regardless,theyimmediatelyreportedtheircurrentmoodonascaleAaronprovidedandcontinuedtodosoeveryforty-ftveminutesforthenexteighthours.MartinandRonaldparticipatedinAaron'sexperiment.Theybothreceivedagradeof85.Nowyouprobablythink8$isagoodgrade.MartinandRonalddidnotthinkso,LikemostofAaronstudents,MartinandRonaldwereambitious;theywouldhavebeenhappywitha95butfound85disappPointing.MartinandRonaldhaddifferentlevelsofbaselinemood;MartintendedtobehappierthanRonald.Butuponreceivingtheirgrades,bothreportedadeclineinmoodofexactlyhalfapointonaScalefromonetosevenrelativeto由eirbasejline.Asyoumayhaveguessed,thenegativeeffectwasnotljong-lasting.Momentsafterthegradewasrevealed,habituationkickedinandtheirmoodsstartedtoclimbbackup.ButatthispointMartinandRonalddiverged.Martinwasbacktohisnormalbaselinemoodlevelwithinthreeshorthours.Ronald,however,tookmorethaneighthourstorecover.WhatdifferedbetweenMartinandRonaldthatenabledonetoclimbbackto“normalcy”inlessthanhalfthetimeittooktheother?MartinandRonaldwerethesameageitheycamefromsimilarsocioeconomicbackgrounds;theyhadsupporti
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ngfamilyandfriends.TheyPlannedtogotomedicalschoolandcaredequallyabouttheirgrades.Therewas,however,oneimportantdifterencebetweenthetwo:Ronaldsufferedfromdepression,whileMatrtinneverexperiencedanymentalhealthproblems.Aarondiscoveredthatthemoodofstudentswhosufferedfromdepression,likeRonald,climbedbackataslowerratethanthemoodofhealthystudents,likeMartin.EveryonehabituatedeventuallybuttherateofhabituationwasmuchlengthierforstudentsreportingSymptomsofdepression:Whatiffascinatingisthatzz2ztzzaLl7anot-So-goodgradedidnotaffectdepressedRonaldmorethanitdidhealthyMartin.Rather,theeffectofdepressionwasrevealedovertime一depressiontookitstollontheabilitytobounceback.Thequestioniswhy.Alikelyanswerisrumination.Ruminationismentally“chewing”athoughtoverandoverandover.Justasacowbringsbackpreviouslychewedfoodfromitsstomachtochewonasecondtime,youmaymentallyProcessanegativeevent(likeafailedrelationship,anunsuccessfuljobinterview,oralossinasportsevent)onlytobringitbacktomindandobsessoverityetagain.Ronaldcouldnotstopthinkingabouthisgrade.Hekeptwortryingwhetheritwouldhurthischancesofgettingintomedicalschool.Hewondered让hewasn'tsmartenough.NotonlydidhekeepthoughtsaboutthegradealiveandkickinginhismindlongerthanMartin,Ronal
Look Again 【再看一眼】pdf百度云下载
dalsoexaggeratedtheseverityoftheSituationeverytimehe中oughtaboutit.Asaresulbittookhimlongertorecoveremotionally.Ruminationistypicalofindividualssufferingfromdepression3ManyPsychologistsbelieveitczzxverdepression.TIhatis,aninabilitytoletgoofintrusivethoughtsaboutfailure,heartache,orminordisappointmentsleadstodepression.MartintooSpenttimeconsideringwhyhereceivedanot-so-greatgradeandwhathecoulddobetternexttime.Buthewasquickertodeployhisattentionelsewhere一tohisdinnerPlanswithhisgirlfriend,Lauren,tothechemistryProjectthatwasduenextweeletohisswimteamPractice一andthesethoughtscrowdedouttheinfuenceofthegrade.Oneofusonceaskedaphilosopherofemotionshowtostopbeinginlovewiththewrongperson.Heranswer:“Iheresonlyoneway.FallinlovewithSomebodyelse.”FROMAWORM'S-EYEVIEWLetusturnfromminorletdownstomajorsetbacks.Numberfouronourlist一a刚obalpandemic.RememberMarch2020,Forus,asforsomanyotherpeople,emails人oodedin,announcingclosuresandcancelationsduetotheCOVID-19Pandemic.工让esomanyothers,wefeltstressedandanxious.Wewereinstructedtogatherourthingsandleaveouruniversityofhces.(Casssassistantaskedhimwhetherthiswouldbeshort-term.CassasSsuredherthatitprobablywouldbe.Badcall.)Meetingsandeventswehadplannedtoattendwerecanceled.TIhe
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