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本文节选自《Look Again 万维钢》电子版：

WeaskedChristopherBarrington-Leigh，anassociateProfessorattheJInstituteforHealthandSocialPolicyatMcG训UniversitywhythisisSo.Chrisresponded,“Howtoseparateotherlocation-fixedeffectsfromthelocationpollutiontowhichyoudbeinterestedinaccommodationySoundshardl!”LetUstranslate.ChrisisSayingthatmanydifferentfactorsaffectpeople'shappinessas由eymovefromoneplacetoanotherandadapt.Manyofthemhavenothingatalltodowithpollution.(Dotheyhavefriends?AgoodparkingPlace”Agoodjob?)Somefactorsarehighlycorrelatedwithpollution.Forexample，pollutedareasmayhavemoretra伍c，whichmeanslongercommutetimes，Pollutedareasmayhavemorepeople，whichmeansmoresocialopportunities.Allthesefactorscanaffectyourhappinessindifferentdirections，anditisnearlyimpossibletoaccountforthemalltopinpointtheimpactofpollutionitselfonhappinessaspeoplegetusedtoanewenvironment.Sowhilesomeworkhasbeendoneonairpollutionandhappiness,itleavesimportantquestionsUnanswered.TheworkdoestendtosuggestthatpeopleinHonolulu(orPortlandoranyothercleancity)arenot7lceW41U])happierthanpeopleinLA(orNYCoranyotherpollutedcity).ButtheresearchshowsthatondaysWPpezzjollttzo110015e2Da1jte1ocaLyeaj0114LUVe14ge,Peopletendtobelesshappythanotherwise.卫Short-termchangesinpollutiondecreasehappiness.Thisisstrongevidenceofhabituation.Thatis,让youareUsedtoclearairandsuddenlyexperienceadaywith

《Look Again 万维钢》txt下载

highsmog,，Perhapsduetostrongwinds,，yourwell-beingonthatdayw训belowerthanotherwise.But计everydayhashighsmog,yourwell-beingmightnotbemuchaftectedbyit.0.7BATHSPERDAYAsomewhatcleanerPicture(nopunintended)emergesincarefullycontrolledexperiments.Laboratoryexperimentsenableyoutocontrolformanyfactors，whichisdificulttodowithsurveys.ConsiderastudyconductedinDenmarkintheearly1990s.Twoscientists,LarsGunnarsenandOleFanger,invitedagroupofDanishvolunteerstotheclimatechambersoftheLaboratoryofHeatingandAir-Conditioning28Becausethechambersarehighlyregulated,LarsandOlecouldfullycontrolandmeasurethecompositionoftheair.Atfirst，LarsandOleaskedgroupsofeightvolunteerstoenteraclosedchamber.Thepollutionthereseafcherswereabouttotestwascreatedbythevolunteersthemselves.Don'tgetuswrongithevolunteerswereacleanbunch.Theyreportedchangingtheirunderweareverydayandonaveragetook0.7bathseverytwenty-fourhours.Nevertheless,eachemittedodorsthatpollutedtheair.LarsandOlefoundthatuponenteringthechamber，peoplereportedtheintensityoftheodorasmuchhigherthantheydideightminuteslater，Twominutesafterthat,theysaidtherewasonlyaslightodor，whichwascertainlyacceptable.LarsandOlefoundasimilarPatternwhentheyaskedvolunteerstoenteraroomflledwithtobaccosmoke.Ifyouareoldenough,youmayremembertheexperienceofenteringaSmokedqd-flledclub(thiswasbeforen

格局态度Look Again 万维钢pdf

o-smokinglegislation);thesmellofcigarettesfjlledyourlungsasyouattemptedtopartyoUTIwaythroughthesmokyair.YoumayevenrememberthedayswhencommercialPlaneswereatobaccofest.MiraculouslynomorethantwentyminuteswouldgobybeforemostpeopleforgotallabouttheheavySmoke一onlytoberemindedofitthenextdaywhenthescentmadeitswayfromthePreviousnightsclothingintotheirnostrils.]TheDanishscientistsconcludedthathabituationtopollutionmaybeonereasonthattherearerelativelyfewcomplaintsaboutenclosedareaswithbadair.Aslongastheodorsarerelativelyconstant一thatis,thelevelsofsmokeorbodilyodorsdonotabruptlyalter一peoplehabituatewithinashorttime.Tomakepeoplecareaboutpoorairqualitywhetheritisindoorsoroutdoors,dishabituationisneeded.Ifpeopledishabituatetosmokeorsmog由eywillbemorelikelytocallforbetterconditions.Considertheuseof“cleanairchambers,”whichwouldcreatetemporarydishabituationtopollution.TheideaistosetUPsmallspacesinwhichairquajlityishigh,whereindividualscanrestforshortperiods.Oncepeoplestepoutofthecleanairchamberandbackonthestreebtheywillbemorelikelytonoticepollution.YoumaywonderwhyhumanshaveevolvedabrainthatcausesUstostopPerceivingodors,smog,，orSmokeafterashorthabituationperiod.TIoanswerthisquestion,considersoundediting.Whenatechnicianrecordsasegment,let'SsayaninterviewforadocumentaryShemakessuretorecordafewsecondsof

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