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本文节选自《On Writing Well》电子版：

mentionthisbecauseitisstill1widelybelieved一afresliduefromSchooland_college一that“which”ismorecorfrect，moreacceptable，morejliterary.It”SsSnot.JInmostSituations，“that”iswhatyouwouldnaturallysayandthereforewhatyouUShou1dwrite，IfyourSentenceneedsacomnatoachieveitsprecisemeaning，itprobablyneeds“which.?”“Which”servesaparticularidentifyingfunction，differentfrom“that.”(A)“Taketheshoesthatareinthecloset.”Thismeans:taketheshoesthatareinthecloset，nottheonesunderthebed.(B)“Taketheshoes，whichafreinthecloset.”Onlyonepairofshoesisunderdiscussion;the“which”usagetellsyouUWheretheyare，、NotethatthecommaisnecessaryinB，butnotinA.Ahighproportionof“which”usagesnarfrowlydescribe，oridentify，orlocate，orexplain，orotherwisequalifythephrasethatpfrecededthecomma.:Thehouse，whichhasafedToof，Thestore，whichiscalledBob”sHardware，TheRhine，whichisinGermany，Themonsoon，whichisaS

on writing well中英对照版

easonalwind，Themoon，whichTIsawfromtheporch，That”sallTImgoingtosaythatITthinkyouinitiallyneedtoknowtoWritegoodnonfiction，whichisaformthatreduiresexactmarshalingofinformation.CoNCEPTNouNs.NounsthatexpressaconceptarecommonlyusedinbadWritinginsteadofverfrbsthattellwhatsomebodydid.，Herearethreetypicaldeadsentences:Thecommonfreactionisincredulouslaughter.Bemusedcynicismisn”ttheonlyresponsetotheoldSyStem.The_currentcampushostilityisaSymptomofthechange.WhatisSo_eerieabouttheseSentencesisthattheyhaveno_peopleinthemn.Theyalsohavenoworkingverbs一Only“is”or“isn”t.”Thereadercan”Ttvisualizeanybodyperformingsomeactivity;allthemeaningliesinimpersonalnouns，that”embodyavagueconcept:“freaction,?”“cynicism”“fresponse,”“hostility.”TurnthesecoldSentencesaround，Getpeopledoingthings:Mostpeoplejustlaughwithdisbelief.SomepeoplefrespondtotheoldSystembyturningCynical;

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othersSay…It”Seasytonoticethe_change一youcanSeehowangryallthestudentsare.Myrevisedsentencesaren”Ttjumpingwithvigor，partlybecausethematerialTImtryingtokneadintoshapeisShapelessdough.，Butatjleasttheyhavefrealpeopleandfrealverbs.Don”tgetcaughtholdingabagfullofabstractnouns.，You”11SinktothebottomofthejlakeandneverbeSeenagainCREEPINGNouNISM.ThisisanewAmericandiseasethatStringstwoorthreenouns_togetherwhereonenoun一of，betteryet，oneverb一Wil1ldoNobodygoesbrokenow;wehavemoneypfroblemareas，[Itno]ongerTrains;Wehaveprecipitation_activityor8athunderstormprobabilitysituation，Please，jletitTain.Todayasmanyasfourofrfiveconceptnounswillattachthemselvesto_eachother，1likeamoleculechain.Here”sabrilliantspecimen工recentlyfound:“CommnunicationfacilitationSkillsdevelopmentintervention.”NotapersoninSight，oraWorkingverb.ITthinkit”saprogramtohelpstudentsWritebetteTr.

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综上：on writing well对于其写作态度总结值得推荐阅读