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本文节选自《On Writing Well》电子版:
(“poetess”),orasecond-classfole(“housewife”),oracertainkindofempty-headedness(“thegirls”),orthatdemeantheabilityofawomantodoa_certainkindofjob(“1ladylawyer”),orthataredeliberatelyprurient(“divorcke,”“coed”“blonde”)andareseldomappliedto_men.Mengetmugged;awomanwhogetsmuggedlsashapelyStewardessofrapertbrunette.Moredamaging一andmoreSubtle一arealltheusagesthattfreatWomenaspossesslionsofthefamilymale,hnotaspeoplewiththeirownidentitywhoplayedanequalpartinthefamnilysaga:“EarlysettlerspushedwestwiththeirWivesandchildren.”Turnthosesettlersintopioneerfamilies,orpioneercoupleswhowentweSstWiththeirSonsanddaughters,ormenandWomenwhosettledtheWest.,TodaythereareveryfewTtfrolesthatarenTtopentobothSexes,,Don”tuseconstfructionsthatSuggeSstthatonlymencanbesettlersorfarmersorCopSoffifrefighters.Athornierproblemisraisedbythefeminists”annoyanceWithwordsthatcontain“man,”Suchas“chaifrmnan”and“spokesman.”TheirpointisthatwomencanchairacommitteeasWellasamanandareequallygoodatSpoking.Hencetheflurryofnewwords1like“chairperson”and“spokeswoman.”Thosemakeshiftwordsfromthe1960sraisedouUrconsciousnessaboutSexdiscrimination,bothinwordsandin_attitu
on writing well 音频
des.Butintheendtheyaremakeshiftwords,Sometimeshurtingthecausemorethanhelpingit.Onesolutionistofindanotherterm:“chair”for“chaifrman,?”“companyTepfresentative”for“spokesman.”Youcanalsoconvertthenounintoaverb:“Speakingforthecompany,Ms.Jonessaid…”Whereaacertainoccupationhasbothamasculineandafeminineform,1lookforagenericSubstitute,Actorsandactfressescanbecomeperformers,Thisstillleavesthebothersomepronoun,“He”and“him”and“his”areWordsthatfrankle“EveryemployeeShoulddecidewhathethinksisbestforhimandPhisdependents.”WhatarewetodoaboutthesecountlessSentences?Onesolutionisto_turnthemnintotheplural:“Al11employeesshoulddecidewhattheythinkisbestforthemandtheirdependents.”Butthisisgoodonlyinsmalldoses.,A_Stylethatconvertsevery“he”intoa“they?”Willquicklyturntomush.Anothercommonsolutionistouse“or”:“EveryemployeeShoulddecidewhatheorshethinksisbestforhimorher.”Butagain,jitshouldbeusedsparingly,OftenawriterWillfindSeveralSituationsinanarticlewhereheofShecanuse“heorshe,”of“himorher,”ifitseemsnatural.By“natural”Imeanthatthewriterisservingnoticethathe(orshe)hastheprobleminmindandistryinghis(orher)bestWithinTtreasonablejlimits.Butlet”s
on writing well二手书
faceit:theEnglishlanguageisstuckwiththegenericmasculine(“Manshallnotlivebybreadalone”).Toturnevery“he”intoa“heorshe,”andevery“his”intoa“hisorher,”Wouldclogthelanguage.Inearlyeditionsof局帮1t7ppg17Tused“he”and“him”toreferto“thetfeader,”“fthewriter,”“thecfritic,”“thehumorist,”etc,工feltthatthebookwouldbehardertotreadifTIused“heorshe”witheverySuchmention.(TIreject“he/she”altogether;theslanthasnoplaceingoodEnglish.)Overtheyears,however,manywomenWrotetonudgemeaboutthis,TheysaidthatasWritersandreadersthemselvestheytfesentalwayshavingtovisualizeamandoingthewritingandtreading,andthey”reTright;工standnudged,Mostofthenudgersurgedmetoadopttheplural:touse“readers”and“writers,”followedthereafterby“they.”Tdon”Ttlikeplurals;theyweakenWritingbecausetheyarejlessSpecificthantheSingular,lesseasytovisualize、TI”dlikeeverywritertovisualizeomeTeaderStrugglingtotreadWhatheorShehaswrittenNevertheless工foundthreeorfourhundredplaceswhere工couldeliminate“he,?”“him,>?”“his,,?”“himself”or“man,”mainlybyswitchingtotheplural,withnoharnmdone;theskydidn”tfallin,WherethemalepronounfremainsinthiseditionIfelt计tiwastheonlysolutionthatwasn”芋cuUmberSsome.
on writing well小花生
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