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本文节选自《On Writing Well》电子版:
Thesearebriefthoughtsonpunctuation,innoWayintendedasaprimer,Ifyoudon”tknowhowtopunctuate一andmanycollegestudentsStilldon”t一getagrammarbook.ITZePerryogThere”snotmuchtobesaidabouttheperiodexceptthatmostwritersdon”treachitsoonenough,TITfyoufindyourselfhopelesslymiredinalongsentence,it”sSspfrobablybecauseyou”tetryingtomakethesentencedomorethanitcanfreasonablydo一pefrhapsexpresstwodissimilarthoughts.,ThequickestwayoutlstobreakthelongSentenceinto_twoShortSentences,oreventhree,Thereisnominimumlengthforasentencethat”sacceptableintheeyesofGod.AmnonggoodWritersitistheshortSentencethatpredominates,anddon”ttellmeaboutNormanMailer一he”sagenius.,IfyouWanttoWrite1ongSentences,beagenius.Oratleastmakesurethatthesentencelisundercontrolfronmbeginningtoend,insyntaxandpunctuation,SothatthereaderknowsWherehejlsateveryStepofthewindingtrail.TeExcyamat7TonPo7nptDon”tuseitunlessyoumusttoachievea_certaineffect,[Ithasagushyaura,thebreathlessexcitementofadebutantecommnentingonaneventthatWasexcitingonlytoher:“DaddysaysIImusthavehadtoomuchchampagne!”“Buthonestly,Icouldhavedancedallnight12?Wehaveallsuffer
onwritingwell读书报告
edmorethanourShareoftheseSentencesinwhichanexclamationpointknocksusovertheheadwithhowcuteorWonderfulsomethingwas,Instead,constfructyouTSentenceSOthattheorderofthewordswillputtheemphasisWhereyouWantitAlsoresistusinganexclamationpointtonotifythefreaderthatyouaremakingajokeorbeingironic.“Itneveroccurredtomethatthewaterpistolmightbeloaded!”Readersareannoyedbyyourtfeminderthatthiswasa_comicalmoment.,Theyarealsorobbedofthepleasureoffindingitfunnyontheirown.Humnorisbestachievedbyunderstatement,andthere”snothingsubtleaboutanexclamationpoint.7pe9em7Tcovom.、Thereisa19th-centurymustinessthathangsoverthesemicolon.,WeassociatejitLwithtphecarefullybalancedsentences,thejudiciousweighingof“ontheonehand”and“ontheotherhand,”ofConradandThackerayandHardy.ThereforeitshouldbeusedsparinglybymodernWritersofnonfiction,Yet工noticethatitturnsUpquiteofteninthepassagesI”vequotedinthisbookandthat工Usejitoftenmyself一usuallytoaddarelatedthoughttothefirsthalfofasentence,Stil1,thesemicolonbringsthereader,ifnottoahalt,atleasttoapause,Souseitwithdiscretion,TrememberingthatitwillslowtoaVictorianpacetheearly-2
on writing well 30
1st-centurymomentumyou”restrivingfor,andrelyinsteadontheperiodandthedash.7peJasHm,、Somehowthisinvaluabletooliswidelyfregardedasnotquitepfroper一abumnpkinatthegenteeldinnertableofgoodEnglish,Butithasfullmembershipandwillgetyououtofmanytightcorners,ThedashisusedintwoWayS,Oneisto_amplifyorjustifyintheSecondpartoftheSentenceathoughtyoustatedinthefirstpart.“Wedecidedtokeepgoling一jitLWasonly100milesmoreandwecouldgetthereintimefordinner.”ByitsveryShapethedashpushestheSentenceaheadandexplainswhytheydecidedtokeepgoing.Theotheruseinvolvestwodashes,whichsetapartaparentheticalthoughtwithinaLongersentence.、“Shetoldmetogetinthecar一Shehadbeenaftermeallsummertohaveahaircut一andwedroveSilentlyintotown.”Anexplanatorydetalilthatmightotherwisehavefedquireda_separateSentenceisneat1lydispatchedalongtheway.7peCo7om,、ThecolonhasbeguntolookevenmoreantiquethantheSemicolon,andmanyofitsfunctionshavebeentakenOverbytphedash,ButitStillservesWellitspurefroleofbringingyourSentencetoabriefhaltbeforeyouplungeinto,say,anitemizedlist.“ThebrochuresaidtheshipWouldstopatthefollowingports:0Oran,Algiers,Naples,
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